PIR Sensor based light

AIM:

To design and develop a motion-activated light system using a PIR (Passive Infrared) sensor to turn the light on when motion is detected and off when no motion is detected.

 

PURPOSE:

The PIR sensor-based light system automates lighting by detecting motion in its vicinity. It saves energy by ensuring lights are only on when someone is present, making it ideal for homes, offices, and public spaces.

 

DESCRIPTION:

This project uses a PIR sensor to detect motion, an Arduino Nano to process the sensor's input, and a relay module to control the light. The light turns on when motion is detected and turns off automatically after a set duration if no further motion is detected.

 

Key Components:

1.    Arduino Nano: Processes input from the PIR sensor and controls the relay module.

2.    PIR Sensor: Detects motion by sensing infrared radiation from moving objects.

3.    Relay Module: Switches the light on or off based on the PIR sensor's input.

4.    Light (Bulb or LED): The load being controlled by the relay module.

5.    Battery: Powers the system for standalone operation.

WORKING:

1.    The PIR sensor continuously monitors for motion within its range.

2.    When motion is detected, it sends a HIGH signal to the Arduino.

3.    The Arduino activates the relay, turning the light on.

4.    If no motion is detected for a predefined duration (e.g., 30 seconds), the light turns off automatically.

 

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS:

Hardware:

• Microcontroller: Arduino Nano
• Motion Sensor: PIR Sensor
• Relay Module: 5V relay for controlling the light
• Light: Bulb or LED (depending on the application)
• Battery: 9V or Lithium-Ion battery
• Power Regulator: 5V regulator for consistent power

Software:

• Arduino IDE: Used to write and upload the code for controlling the PIR sensor and relay.

 

WORKING EXPLANATION:

• The PIR sensor detects motion by sensing changes in infrared radiation within its range.
• Upon detecting motion, the sensor sends a HIGH signal to the Arduino.
• The Arduino processes this input and activates the relay to turn on the light.
• After a preset duration without detecting motion, the Arduino deactivates the relay, turning off the light.

 

APPLICATIONS:

• Home Automation: Automatically lights up rooms, hallways, or stairs when someone enters.
• Security Systems: Lights up areas to deter intruders when motion is detected.
• Energy Conservation: Reduces energy wastage by turning off lights when no one is present.
• Public Spaces: Ideal for motion-activated lighting in restrooms, parking lots, or corridors.

 

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

• PIR Sensor: Detects motion in its range.
• Arduino Nano: Processes the PIR sensor's input and controls the relay.
• Relay Module: Acts as a switch to control the light.
• Light (Bulb/LED): The load being turned on/off.
• Battery: Powers the system, ensuring portability.

 

This PIR Sensor-Based Light System provides an efficient and smart solution for automating lights, ensuring convenience, safety, and energy savings.