Fire and Smoke Detection System

AIM:

To design a system that detects fire and smoke using a flame sensor and an MQ-2 gas sensor, and provides alerts via a buzzer and LED indicators.

 

PURPOSE:

The system ensures early detection of fire and smoke in residential, commercial, or industrial environments, allowing prompt action to minimize damage and ensure safety.

 

DESCRIPTION:

This project uses an Arduino microcontroller to integrate a flame sensor, an MQ-2 gas sensor, and an output alert system (buzzer and LED). The flame sensor detects infrared light from flames, while the MQ-2 sensor detects smoke or combustible gases. When fire or smoke is detected, the buzzer sounds, and the LEDs indicate the type of hazard.

 

Key Components:

1.    Arduino Uno/Nano: Microcontroller to process sensor data and trigger alerts.

2.    Flame Sensor: Detects the presence of flames by sensing infrared light.

3.    MQ-2 Gas Sensor: Detects smoke and flammable gases.

4.    Buzzer: Provides an auditory alarm.

5.    LED Indicators:

o   Red LED: Indicates fire.

o   Yellow LED: Indicates smoke.

6.    Power Supply: 9V battery or USB for powering the Arduino.

WORKING:

1.    The flame sensor detects fire by sensing infrared light emitted by flames.

2.    The MQ-2 sensor detects smoke or combustible gases in the environment.

3.    If fire or smoke is detected:

·      The corresponding LED (Red for fire, Yellow for smoke) is activated.

·      The buzzer sounds an alarm to notify the hazard.

 

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS:

Hardware:

• Microcontroller: Arduino Uno/Nano.
• Flame Sensor: Detects infrared light from flames.
• MQ-2 Gas Sensor: Detects smoke and gases like LPG, methane, etc.
• Buzzer: 5V buzzer for alarm.
• LED Indicators: Red and Yellow LEDs.
• Resistors: 220-ohm resistors for LEDs.

Software:

• Arduino IDE: For programming the Arduino.

 

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

1.    Flame Sensor → Arduino → Red LED / Buzzer

2.    MQ-2 Sensor → Arduino → Yellow LED / Buzzer

3.    Power Supply → Arduino and Sensors

 

CONNECTIONS:

1.    Flame Sensor:

·      VCC → 5V on Arduino.

·      GND → GND on Arduino.

·      OUT → Digital Pin 2.

2.    MQ-2 Sensor:

·      VCC → 5V on Arduino.

·      GND → GND on Arduino.

·      A0 → Analog Pin A0.

3.    LEDs:

·      Red LED (Fire): Digital Pin 3 with 220-ohm resistor to GND.

·      Yellow LED (Smoke): Digital Pin 4 with 220-ohm resistor to GND.

4.    Buzzer:

·      Positive → Digital Pin 5.

·      Negative → GND.

APPLICATIONS:

1.    Residential Use: Provides early warnings for household fires.

2.    Industrial Safety: Monitors smoke and fire hazards in factories.

3.    Commercial Buildings: Enhances safety systems in offices and shops.

4.    Vehicles: Detects engine fires or smoke inside vehicles.

 

ADVANTAGES:

1.    Cost-Effective: Uses low-cost sensors and components.

2.    Portable: Can be battery-powered for mobility.

3.    Customizable: Threshold values can be adjusted for specific environments.

 

FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS:

1.    Add Wi-Fi or GSM modules for remote notifications.

2.    Integrate a camera module for visual confirmation of fire/smoke.

3.    Use more advanced sensors for higher accuracy in hazardous environments.

This Fire and Smoke Detection System offers a reliable and straightforward method to detect fire and smoke, ensuring timely alerts for maximum safety.