Gas Leakage Detector

AIM:

To design and develop a gas leakage detection system that senses gas leaks using an MQ-2 sensor and alerts the user with a buzzer and LED.

 

PURPOSE:

Gas leaks pose serious safety risks in homes and industries. This system provides an early warning of gas leaks by detecting flammable gases like LPG, methane, and propane, allowing timely action to prevent accidents.

 

DESCRIPTION:

The project uses an MQ-2 gas sensor to detect the presence of flammable gases in the environment. When gas concentration exceeds a predefined threshold, the system activates a buzzer and LED as a warning signal.

 

Key Components:

1.    Arduino Uno/Nano: Processes the input from the MQ-2 sensor and controls the output devices.

   

2.    MQ-2 Gas Sensor: Detects gases such as LPG, methane, and propane by measuring their concentration in the air.

3.    Buzzer: Sounds an alarm when a gas leak is detected.

4.    LED: Provides a visual alert alongside the buzzer.

5.    Battery: Powers the system for standalone operation.

WORKING:

1.    The MQ-2 sensor continuously measures the gas concentration in the air.

2.    If the concentration exceeds a predefined safe limit (set in the code), the Arduino triggers the buzzer and LED to alert the user.

3.    The buzzer and LED remain active until the gas concentration falls below the safe limit.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS:

Hardware:

• Microcontroller: Arduino Uno or Nano
• Gas Sensor: MQ-2 gas sensor module
• Buzzer: 5V active buzzer
• LED: For visual alert
• Battery: 9V or Lithium-Ion battery
• Power Regulator: 5V regulator for stable power supply (optional)

Software:

• Arduino IDE: Used to write and upload the program for processing sensor data and controlling the buzzer/LED.

 

WORKING EXPLANATION:

• The MQ-2 sensor detects the gas concentration and sends an analog signal to the Arduino.
• The Arduino compares the sensor’s output with a threshold value (e.g., 300 ppm).
• If the sensor output exceeds the threshold, the Arduino activates the buzzer and LED.
• When the gas level drops below the threshold, the buzzer and LED are turned off.

 

APPLICATIONS:

• Home Safety: Detects LPG or methane leaks in kitchens and living areas.
• Industrial Safety: Monitors gas levels in factories, refineries, or storage areas.
• Commercial Spaces: Ensures safety in restaurants, gas stations, and malls.

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

1.    MQ-2 Sensor: Detects the concentration of flammable gases.

2.    Arduino: Processes the sensor’s output and controls the alarm system.

3.    Buzzer: Sounds an alarm when a gas leak is detected.

4.    LED: Provides a visual warning.

5.    Battery: Powers the entire system for portability and reliability.

Future Enhancements:

1.    Add an SMS alert feature using a GSM module for remote notifications.

2.    Integrate an exhaust fan to automatically ventilate the area during a gas leak.

3.    Display gas concentration on an LCD or via a smartphone app using Bluetooth or Wi-Fi.

This Gas Leakage Detection System is a cost-effective and reliable solution for enhancing safety in various environments.