Automatic Plant Watering System

AIM:

To design and develop an automatic plant watering system that waters plants when the soil moisture level falls below a set threshold.

PURPOSE:

Plants often suffer from overwatering or underwatering due to human error or negligence. This system automates watering by detecting soil moisture levels, ensuring plants receive the right amount of water.

DESCRIPTION:

The project uses a soil moisture sensor to monitor the moisture content in the soil. If the soil is dry, the system activates a pump to water the plant until the desired moisture level is reached.

Key Components:

1.    Arduino Uno/Nano: Controls the system based on soil moisture sensor readings.
 

2.    Soil Moisture Sensor: Detects the moisture level in the soil.

3.    Water Pump: Delivers water to the plant when activated.

4.    Power Supply: Powers the Arduino and the water pump.

WORKING:

1.    The soil moisture sensor continuously monitors the soil's moisture level and sends data to the Arduino.

2.    If the moisture level falls below a predefined threshold (set in the code), the Arduino activates the relay, turning on the water pump.

3.    The pump remains active until the sensor detects sufficient moisture in the soil.

4.    Once the desired moisture level is reached, the Arduino turns off the pump.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS:

Hardware:

• Microcontroller: Arduino Uno/Nano
• Sensor: Soil Moisture Sensor
• Water Pump: 5V or 12V submersible pump
• Relay Module: 5V relay to control the pump
• Power Supply: 9V battery for Arduino; separate power supply for the pump if needed

Software:

• Arduino IDE: Used to write and upload the program for sensor data processing and pump control.
  
  

WORKING EXPLANATION:

• The soil moisture sensor outputs an analog signal proportional to the moisture content.
• The Arduino reads this signal and compares it to a threshold value.
• If the value is below the threshold (indicating dry soil), the Arduino activates the relay to power the pump.
• The pump waters the soil until the moisture level rises above the threshold, after which the pump is turned off.
  
  

APPLICATIONS:

• Home Gardening: Maintains moisture levels for potted plants.
• Greenhouses: Automates irrigation for consistent plant growth.
• Farms: Ensures efficient water use in agriculture.
  
  

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

1.    Soil Moisture Sensor: Detects soil moisture and sends data to the Arduino.

2.    Arduino: Processes sensor input and controls the relay.

3.    Relay Module: Switches the pump on or off.

4.    Water Pump: Waters the plant when activated.

5.    Power Supply: Provides energy for the system.

Future Enhancements:

1.    Add a water level sensor to monitor the water reservoir.

2.    Use a GSM or IoT module to send notifications about the system's status.

3.    Implement multiple sensors for large-scale irrigation.

4.    Integrate solar power for energy efficiency.

This Automatic Plant Watering System ensures plants receive adequate watering, making it an efficient and sustainable solution for home and agricultural use.